QUESTION
54. What is compartment syndrome?
55. What is creatine phosphate and how does it supply energy for muscle contraction? 56. What substance in muscle seems able to store oxygen temporarily? 57. How is oxygen usually brought to muscle cells? 58. Why is oxygen necessary for muscle contraction? 59. How does muscle continue to contract in the absence of oxygen? 60. What is meant by oxygen debt? And how is it "payed off"? 61. What is meant by muscle fatigue, and what causes it? 62. Define threshold stimulus... 63. Define all-or-none response ... 64. What are concentric and eccentric muscle contractions? 65. What is hypertrophy? 66. What is atrophy? |
ANSWER
Compartment syndrome is defined as the compression of nerves, blood vessels, and muscle inside a closed space within the body. It is limb and possibly life threatening
Creatine phosphate is an organic compound that provides a quick source of energy for muscle fibers to contract when they need an initial burst of energy. It does this by storing adenosine triphosphate, known as ATP, in the skeletal muscles and the brain. ATP is commonly referred to as the bodies molecular unit of currency in energy transfer. This burst of energy comes from ATP's three high energy phosphate bonds. The protein Myoglobin is found within the bodies muscle fibers and is able to store small amounts of oxygen. This ability to store oxygen reduces a muscle's requirement for a continuous blood supply during muscular contraction. Oxygen is brought to the muscles cells by the fresh supply of hemoglobin found in the blood. Energy to allow the muscle to contract is produced by respiration, for example aerobic respiration takes oxygen and glucose and turns them in into energy water and carbon dioxide... Therefore for respiration to take place and energy to be produced, oxygen is needed. The muscle can continue to contract without oxygen through the process of glycolysis. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm of a cell. It is called an anaerobic process, because it does not require oxygen. The term oxygen debt refers to the extra volume of oxygen consumed by muscle tissue after intensive exercise. To repay this debt you keep breathing for sometime after the intensive exercise is completed so the the lactic acid can be broken down so regular aerobic respiration can resume. Muscle fatigue means that you have exhausted the muscle past the point of it being able to use aerobic respiration and has used up its oxygen stores, the result of this is lactic acid which causes soreness. Is a stimulus that is just strong enough to elicit a response. the threshold response of each particular nerve cell and muscle fiber to a stimulus. A nerve cell will fire completely or not at all, and a muscle fiber will contract to its limit with a stimulus; both rest fully in the absence of stimulus. A concentric contraction is a type of muscle contraction in which the muscles shorten while generating force. During an eccentric contraction, the muscle elongates while under tension due to an opposing force being greater than the force generated by the muscle Is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body |